Ion exchange

Ion exchange uses resin beads. EPA describes ion exchange resins as highly porous, polymeric material, and the tiny beads are made from hydrocarbons. Water passes through a vessel of beads, and PFAS ions stick to the resin.

EPA lists ion exchange resins, with activated carbon and high-pressure membranes, among technologies found to remove PFAS from drinking water. These can be used at treatment plants, in water systems at hospitals or buildings, or in homes.

Choosing between ion exchange and GAC depends on the water. The right resin depends on the PFAS you need to remove, so a pilot test on your own water helps.

Spent resin is a waste that needs handling. Ask the vendor how it will be removed and where it goes.

If you manage a facility with PFAS in water, start with testing, compare treatment options on cost and bed life, and plan for disposal. The best fit is the one proven on your own water.